金融市場のデジタル化が進むにつれ、外国為替市場(FX)での取引は世界中の誰にとってもより身近なものとなってきました。副業のひとつとしてはじめることに興味をお持ちの方も少なくはないのではないでしょう。とはいえ、海外fxをはじめてみたいけれど、どこからはじめればいいのかよくわからないという方も多いかと思います。そんな初心者の方でも理解しやすいように、ここでは、FX取引とは何なのかという基本情報をはじめ、適切なFXブローカーの選び方、知っておきたい主要取引用語、取引方法のステップ・バイ・ステップガイドなど、上手にFX取引をスタートさせるために知っておくべきことを簡単に紹介していきます。
目次
外国為替取引とは
『Foreign Exchange』を略して『FX』とも呼ばれる外国為替取引。投資家や企業にとっては重要な手段のひとつとして知られていますが、つまり、円とドルや、ユーロとドルなどの異なる法定通貨を売買して交換する外貨両替のことを意味しています。世界の各々の通貨価格(レート)は常に変動しており、つまり、「買った/売った価格」と「売った/買い戻した価格」の「差額」によって損益が決まってくるという、「価格差」を取引する方法というわけです。わかりやすく説明するなら、例えば、為替レートが1米ドル円=100円の時に5,000円を50米ドルに両替するとします。その後、1米ドル円=105円になった時に米ドルを日本円に戻せば、5,250円になるので、その差額の250円が儲けとなるわけです。そのため、FXは『差金取引』とも呼ばれています。外国為替取引は、異なる国の通貨を交換することです。例えば、日本円を米ドルに交換することや、ユーロを英ポンドに交換することができます。外国為替市場は、24時間営業しており、世界中の取引所や金融機関が参加しています。
取引するプラットホームを選ぶ
FX取引をはじめる際には、まず初めに、通貨を売買するための『外国為替取引プラットフォーム』を選択する必要があります。現在ある取引プラットフォームは形や大きさも様々です。その中から、あなたの要件を満たすプラットフォームを見つける必要がありますが、初心者なら具体的な要件というのも明確にしにくいですよね。そんな場合は以下の項目を参考に選んでみてください。
① 規制があるか否か
FCAやCySECの規制があるブローカーを選びましょう。FX取引プラットフォームが規制されていないところはなるべく避けて下さい。
②決済方法
入出金方法はブローカーによって異なります。あなたが希望する決済方法をサポートしているプラットフォームなのか、必ず確認しましょう。
③投資できる通貨ペア
メジャー、マイナー、エキゾチックといったように、 通貨ペアは3つのカテゴリに分割されています。取引したい特定のペアがある場合は、ブローカーがそれをサポートしているかどうかを確認しましょう。
③平均スプレッド
特に主要なペアを中心に、狭いスプレッドを提供するFX取引プラットフォームを探すようにしましょう。
④取引手数料
FXペアを売買するには、ほとんどの場合でその都度、手数料が発生します。通常、取引する金額の割合によりますが、可能であればゼロコミッションの取引ができるFXプラットフォームが望ましいです。
⑤レバレッジ
リスクに賭けて大きく稼ぎたい場合は、選択したFX取引プラットフォームで利用可能なレバレッジレベルを調べてみましょう。
⑥顧客サポート
24時間365日のカスタマーサポートを提供しているFXブローカーを選択するのがベストです。また、ライブチャットを提供しているブローカーであれば、メールの返信を待つより早く返答を得ることもできます。
ブローカー選びのポイント
FX取引はもちろん、初心者にも開かれていますが、取引の完全な初心者である場合に最適なブローカーを選択することが優先事項となってきます。以下に、ブローカー選びのポイントをいくつか紹介します。
まずはじめに、お金の安全性と透明性を厳格に規制している、評判の良い外国為替ブローカーを選択することです。口コミや評判を調べることで、他のトレーダーの意見を知ることもできます。また、ブローカーのウェブサイトや提供するサービスを確認することも重要です。ブローカーは、取引所や金融機関との連携を通じて取引を行う存在。信頼性の高いブローカーを選ぶことで、安心して取引を行うことができます。
さらに、 プラットフォームの使いやすいインターフェイスと簡単なナビゲーションを備えたブローカーを選択してください。また、取引手数料やスプレッドについても注意が必要です。取引手数料は、ブローカーが取引に対して請求する手数料です。スプレッドは、通貨の売値と買値の差を指します。これらの費用は、利益に直接影響を与えるため、適切なブローカーを選ぶ際には比較検討することが重要です。
レバレッジのメリットとリスク
FXトレーダー、特に海外取引に携わるトレーダーにとって必須ツールの1つとも言えるのが『レバレッジ』です。海外FXのレバレッジを活用するメリットとリスクを理解することで、効果的な取引への道を切り開いていくことができます。
FX取引におけるレバレッジとは、借りた資金を使用して投資の潜在的リターンを増加させることを指しています。レバレッジを活用することで、トレーダーは比較的少額の資金でも外国為替市場で大きなポジションを扱う機会を得ることができます。外国為替取引においてこの要素は、利益を大幅に増幅させる可能性があるため魅力的な特徴としてしばしば挙げられます。しかし、レバレッジは利益を拡大する可能性がある一方で、損失を拡大する可能性も含んでいます。
メリット
では、具体的にそのメリットについてみていきましょう。まず、レバレッジを利用すると、先述したように、トレーダーは少額の資金でより大きなポジションをコントロールすることができます。つまり、わずかな値動きであっても、取引が成功すれば大きな利益を得ることができるのです。さらに、レバレッジを利用することで、資金が少ないトレーダーでも、資金的な制約から手が届かないような市場や取引機会に参加することができます。そうすることで、トレーダーは資金を様々な投資に分散することができ、ポートフォリオを多様化することでリスクを低減できる可能性があります。しかし、適切に管理できなければ、レバレッジは大きな損失につながることもあります。
デメリット
レバレッジのデメリットとしてよく言われているのが、諸刃の剣のごとく、損失の可能性も高くなるという点です。レバレッジは利益を拡大する可能性があるのと同様に、損失を拡大する可能性もあります。市場がお客様のポジションに不利に動いた場合、初期投資額以上の損失を被る可能性があるのです。また、レバレッジ取引には多くの場合、証拠金口座が必要ですが、市場がお客様のポジションに不利に動くと、マージンコールが発生し、ポジションを維持するために追加資金が必要になることがあります。さらに、レバレッジは少ない資本で大きなポジションを取引できる方法ですが、それが逆に過剰取引を助長する可能性もあります。こうした過剰な取引は、決断を急ぎ、包括的な取引戦略やリスク管理を軽視することにつながり、多くの場合、損失を招きます。
このように、外国為替取引を行う際には、リスク管理が非常に重要となってくるのです。
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